# sendUserOperation

Broadcasts a User Operation to the Bundler.

## Usage

:::code-group

```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'

const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({ // [!code focus:7]
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
})
```

```ts twoslash [config.ts] filename="config.ts"
import { createPublicClient, http } from 'viem'
import { createBundlerClient, toCoinbaseSmartAccount } from 'viem/account-abstraction'
import { privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts'
import { mainnet } from 'viem/chains'

const client = createPublicClient({
  chain: mainnet,
  transport: http()
})

export const account = await toCoinbaseSmartAccount({
  client,
  owners: [privateKeyToAccount('0x...')],
  version: '1.1',
})

export const bundlerClient = createBundlerClient({
  client,
  transport: http('https://public.pimlico.io/v2/1/rpc')
})
```

:::

:::info
The Bundler URL above is a public endpoint. Please do not use it in production as you will likely be rate-limited. Consider using [Pimlico's Bundler](https://www.pimlico.io), [Biconomy's Bundler](https://www.biconomy.io), or another Bundler service.
:::

### Account Hoisting

If you do not wish to pass an `account` to every `sendUserOperation`, you can also hoist the Account on the Bundler Client (see `config.ts`).

[Learn more](/docs/clients/wallet#account).

:::code-group

```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
import { bundlerClient } from './config'

const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({ // [!code focus:7]
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
})
```

```ts twoslash [config.ts] filename="config.ts"
import { createPublicClient, http } from 'viem'
import { createBundlerClient, toCoinbaseSmartAccount } from 'viem/account-abstraction'
import { privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts'
import { mainnet } from 'viem/chains'

const client = createPublicClient({
  chain: mainnet,
  transport: http()
})

export const account = await toCoinbaseSmartAccount({
  client,
  owners: [privateKeyToAccount('0x...')],
  version: '1.1',
})

export const bundlerClient = createBundlerClient({
  account, // [!code ++]
  client,
  transport: http('https://public.pimlico.io/v2/1/rpc')
})
```

:::

### Contract Calls

The `calls` property also accepts **Contract Calls**, and can be used via the `abi`, `functionName`, and `args` properties.

:::code-group

```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
import { bundlerClient, publicClient } from './config'
import { wagmiAbi } from './abi' // [!code focus]

const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({ // [!code focus:7]
  calls: [{
    abi: wagmiAbi,
    functionName: 'mint',
    to: '0xFBA3912Ca04dd458c843e2EE08967fC04f3579c2',
  }],
})
```

```ts twoslash [abi.ts] filename="abi.ts"
export const wagmiAbi = [
  // ...
  {
    inputs: [],
    name: "mint",
    outputs: [],
    stateMutability: "nonpayable",
    type: "function",
  },
  // ...
] as const;
```

```ts twoslash [config.ts]
import { createPublicClient, http } from 'viem'
import { createBundlerClient, toCoinbaseSmartAccount } from 'viem/account-abstraction'
import { privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts'
import { mainnet } from 'viem/chains'

const client = createPublicClient({
  chain: mainnet,
  transport: http()
})

export const account = await toCoinbaseSmartAccount({
  client,
  owners: [privateKeyToAccount('0x...')],
  version: '1.1',
})

export const bundlerClient = createBundlerClient({
  account,
  client,
  transport: http('https://public.pimlico.io/v2/1/rpc')
})
```

:::

## Returns

`Hash`

The User Operation hash.

## Parameters

### account

* **Type:** `SmartAccount`

The Account to use for User Operation execution.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account, // [!code focus]
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }]
})
```

### calls

* **Type:** `({ data?: Hex | undefined, to: Address, value?: bigint | undefined } | { abi: Abi, functionName: string, args: unknown[], to: Address, value?: bigint | undefined })[]`

The calls to execute in the User Operation.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{ // [!code focus]
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8', // [!code focus]
    value: parseEther('1') // [!code focus]
  }, { // [!code focus]
    abi: wagmiAbi, // [!code focus]
    functionName: 'mint', // [!code focus]
    to: '0xFBA3912Ca04dd458c843e2EE08967fC04f3579c2', // [!code focus]
  }] // [!code focus]
})
```

:::tip
You can also pass raw call data via the `callData` property:

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  callData: '0xdeadbeef', // [!code focus]
})
```

:::

### callGasLimit (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

The amount of gas to allocate the main execution call.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  callGasLimit: 69420n, // [!code focus]
})
```

### dataSuffix (optional)

* **Type:** `Hex`

Data to append to the end of User Operation calldata. Useful for adding [transaction attribution](https://oxlib.sh/ercs/erc8021/Attribution).

If not provided, the `dataSuffix` configured on the Bundler Client (or inherited from the underlying client) will be used.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  dataSuffix: '0xdeadbeef', // [!code focus]
})
```

### factory (optional)

* **Type:** `Address`

Account Factory address.

:::warning
This property should only be populated when the Smart Account has not been deployed yet.
:::

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  factory: '0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890', // [!code focus]
  factoryData: '0xdeadbeef',
})
```

### factoryData (optional)

* **Type:** `Hex`

Call data to execute on the Account Factory to deploy a Smart Account.

:::warning
This property should only be populated when the Smart Account has not been deployed yet.
:::

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  factory: '0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890',
  factoryData: '0xdeadbeef', // [!code focus]
})
```

### maxFeePerGas (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

Maximum fee per gas for User Operation execution.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  maxFeePerGas: 420n, // [!code focus]
})
```

### maxPriorityFeePerGas (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

Maximum priority fee per gas for User Operation execution.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  maxPriorityFeePerGas: 420n, 
  maxFeePerGas: 10n, // [!code focus]
})
```

### nonce (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

Nonce for the User Operation.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  nonce: 10n, // [!code focus]
})
```

### paymaster (optional)

* **Type:** `Address | true | PaymasterClient | PaymasterActions`

Sets Paymaster configuration for the User Operation.

* If `paymaster: Address`, it will use the provided Paymaster contract address for sponsorship.
* If `paymaster: PaymasterClient`, it will use the provided [Paymaster Client](/account-abstraction/clients/paymaster) for sponsorship.
* If `paymaster: true`, it will be assumed that the Bundler Client also supports Paymaster RPC methods (e.g. `pm_getPaymasterData`), and use them for sponsorship.
* If [custom functions](/account-abstraction/clients/bundler#paymastergetpaymasterdata-optional) are provided to `paymaster`, it will use them for sponsorship.

#### Using a Paymaster Contract Address

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  paymaster: '0x942fD5017c0F60575930D8574Eaca13BEcD6e1bB', // [!code focus]
  paymasterData: '0xdeadbeef',
})
```

#### Using a Paymaster Client

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const paymasterClient = createPaymasterClient({ // [!code focus]
  transport: http('https://api.pimlico.io/v2/1/rpc?apikey={API_KEY}') // [!code focus]
}) // [!code focus]

const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  paymaster: paymasterClient, // [!code focus]
})
```

#### Using the Bundler Client as Paymaster

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  paymaster: true, // [!code focus]
})
```

### paymasterContext (optional)

* **Type:** `unknown`

Paymaster specific fields.

:::warning
This property is only available if **`paymaster` is a Paymaster Client**.
:::

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const paymasterClient = createPaymasterClient({
  transport: http('https://api.pimlico.io/v2/1/rpc?apikey={API_KEY}')
})

const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  paymaster: paymasterClient,
  paymasterContext: { // [!code focus]
    policyId: 'abc123' // [!code focus]
  }, // [!code focus]
})
```

### paymasterData (optional)

* **Type:** `Address`

Call data to execute on the Paymaster contract.

:::warning
This property is only available if **`paymaster` is an address**.
:::

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  paymaster: '0x942fD5017c0F60575930D8574Eaca13BEcD6e1bB',
  paymasterData: '0xdeadbeef', // [!code focus]
})
```

### paymasterPostOpGasLimit (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

The amount of gas to allocate for the Paymaster post-operation code.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  paymaster: '0x942fD5017c0F60575930D8574Eaca13BEcD6e1bB',
  paymasterData: '0xdeadbeef',
  paymasterPostOpGasLimit: 69420n, // [!code focus]
})
```

### paymasterVerificationGasLimit (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

The amount of gas to allocate for the Paymaster validation code.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  paymaster: '0x942fD5017c0F60575930D8574Eaca13BEcD6e1bB',
  paymasterData: '0xdeadbeef',
  paymasterVerificationGasLimit: 69420n, // [!code focus]
})
```

### preVerificationGas (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

Extra gas to pay the Bundler.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  preVerificationGas: 69420n, // [!code focus]
})
```

### signature (optional)

* **Type:** `Hex`

Signature for the User Operation.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  signature: '0x...', // [!code focus]
})
```

### verificationGasLimit (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

The amount of gas to allocate for the verification step.

```ts twoslash
import { account, bundlerClient } from './config'
import { parseEther } from 'viem'
// ---cut---
const hash = await bundlerClient.sendUserOperation({
  account,
  calls: [{
    to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
    value: parseEther('1')
  }],
  verificationGasLimit: 69420n, // [!code focus]
})
```