# Viem

> Build reliable Ethereum apps & libraries with lightweight, composable, & type-safe modules from viem.

## Docs

- [Getting Started with Account Abstraction](/account-abstraction): **[Account Abstraction (ERC-4337)](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337)** is a proposal within the Ethereum ecosystem which aims to standardize Smart Contract Accounts (SCA) and their operations without the need to modify or upgrade the protocol.
- [USDC (Circle)](/circle-usdc): This extension and guides are maintained by [Circle](https://www.circle.com).
- [Getting Started](/experimental): Viem provides a set of experimental features through the `viem/experimental` entrypoint. Such features could include:
- [Getting Started with OP Stack](/op-stack): Viem provides first-class support for chains implemented on the [OP Stack](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/getting-started).
- [Getting Started with ZKsync](/zksync): **Note:** This extension is maintained by ZKsync collaborators.
- [Chains](/zksync/chains): The following ZKsync chains are supported in Viem:
- [Client](/zksync/client): To use the ZKsync functionality of Viem, you must extend your existing (or new) Viem Client with ZKsync Actions.
- [parseEip712Transaction](/zksync/utilities/parseEip712Transaction): Parses a serialized EIP712 transaction.
- [getApprovalBasedPaymasterInput](/zksync/utilities/paymaster/getApprovalBasedPaymasterInput): Returns encoded formatted approval-based paymaster params.
- [getGeneralPaymasterInput](/zksync/utilities/paymaster/getGeneralPaymasterInput): Returns encoded formatted general-based paymaster params.
- [getL2HashFromPriorityOp](/zksync/utilities/bridge/getL2HashFromPriorityOp): Returns the hash of the L2 priority operation from a given L1 transaction receipt.
- [claimFailedDeposit](/zksync/actions/claimFailedDeposit): Withdraws funds from the initiated deposit, which failed when finalizing on L2.
If the deposit L2 transaction has failed, it sends an L1 transaction calling `claimFailedDeposit` method of the
L1 bridge, which results in returning L1 tokens back to the depositor.
- [deployContract](/zksync/actions/deployContract): Deploys a contract to the network, given bytecode & constructor arguments by using EIP712 transaction.
- [deposit](/zksync/actions/deposit): Transfers the specified token from the associated account on the L1 network to the target account on the L2 network.
The token can be either ETH or any ERC20 token. For ERC20 tokens, enough approved tokens must be associated with
the specified L1 bridge (default one or the one defined in `bridgeAddress`).
In this case, depending on is the chain ETH-based or not `approveToken` or `approveBaseToken`
can be enabled to perform token approval. If there are already enough approved tokens for the L1 bridge,
token approval will be skipped.
- [estimateFee](/zksync/actions/estimateFee): Returns an estimated Fee for requested transaction.
- [estimateGasL1ToL2](/zksync/actions/estimateGasL1ToL2): Returns an estimated gas for L1 to L2 execution
- [finalizeWithdrawal](/zksync/actions/finalizeWithdrawal): Proves the inclusion of the `L2->L1` withdrawal message.
- [getAllBalances](/zksync/actions/getAllBalances): Returns all known balances for a given account.
- [getBaseTokenL1Address](/zksync/actions/getBaseTokenL1Address): Returns the address of the ZKsync Chain's base L1 token.
- [getBlockDetails](/zksync/actions/getBlockDetails): Returns additional ZKsync-specific information about the L2 block.
- [getBridgehubContractAddress](/zksync/actions/getBridgehubContractAddress): Returns the Bridgehub smart contract address.
- [getDefaultBridgeAddresses](/zksync/actions/getDefaultBridgeAddress): Returns the addresses of the default ZKsync Era bridge contracts on both L1 and L2.
- [getGasPerPubData](/zksync/actions/getGasPerPubData): Returns the scaled gas per pubdata limit for the currently open batch.
- [getL1Allowance](/zksync/actions/getL1Allowance): Determines the amount of approved tokens for a specific L1 bridge.
- [getL1Balance](/zksync/actions/getL1Balance): Returns the amount of the token held by the account on the L1 network.
- [getL1BatchBlockRange](/zksync/actions/getL1BatchBlockRange): Returns the range of blocks contained within a batch given by batch number.
- [getL1BatchDetails](/zksync/actions/getL1BatchDetails): Returns data pertaining to a given batch.
- [getL1BatchNumber](/zksync/actions/getL1BatchNumber): Returns the latest L1 batch number.
- [getL1ChainId](/zksync/actions/getL1ChainId): Returns the Chain Id of underlying L1 network.
- [getL1TokenAddress](/zksync/actions/getL1TokenAddress): Returns the L1 token address equivalent for a L2 token address as they are not equal.
- [getL1TokenBalance](/zksync/actions/getL1TokenBalance): Retrieve the token balance held by the contract on L1.
- [getL2TokenAddress](/zksync/actions/getL2TokenAddress): Returns the L2 token address equivalent for a L1 token address as they are not equal.
- [getLogProof](/zksync/actions/getLogProof): Returns the proof for the corresponding L2 to L1 log.
- [getMainContractAddress](/zksync/actions/getMainContractAddress): Returns the address of a main ZKsync Chain Contract.
- [getRawBlockTransaction](/zksync/actions/getRawBlockTransactions): Returns data of transactions in a block.
- [getTestnetPaymasterAddress (depreated)](/zksync/actions/getTestnetPaymasterAddress): Returns the address of the testnet Paymaster.
- [getTransactionDetails](/zksync/actions/getTransactionDetails): Returns data from a specific transaction given by the transaction hash.
- [isWithdrawalFinalized](/zksync/actions/isWithdrawalFinalized): Returns whether the withdrawal transaction is finalized on the L1 network.
- [requestExecute](/zksync/actions/requestExecute): Requests execution of a L2 transaction from L1.
- [sendTransaction](/zksync/actions/sendTransaction): Creates, signs, and sends a new transaction to the network, with EIP712 transaction support.
- [signTransaction](/zksync/actions/signTransaction): Signs a transaction, with EIP712 transaction support.
- [withdraw](/zksync/actions/withdraw): Initiates the withdrawal process which withdraws ETH or any ERC20 token
from the associated account on L2 network to the target account on L1 network.
- [writeContract](/zksync/actions/writeContract): Executes a write function on a contract, with EIP712 transaction support.
- [toMultisigSmartAccount (ZKsync)](/zksync/accounts/toMultisigSmartAccount): Creates a multi-signature [ZKsync Smart Account](https://docs.zksync.io/build/developer-reference/account-abstraction/building-smart-accounts) from a Contract Address and the Private Key of the owner.
- [toSinglesigSmartAccount (ZKsync)](/zksync/accounts/toSinglesigSmartAccount): Creates a single-signature [ZKsync Smart Account](https://docs.zksync.io/build/developer-reference/account-abstraction/building-smart-accounts) from a Contract Address and the Private Key of the owner.
- [toSmartAccount (ZKsync)](/zksync/accounts/toSmartAccount): Creates a [ZKsync Smart Account](https://docs.zksync.io/build/developer-reference/account-abstraction/building-smart-accounts) from a Contract Address and a custom sign function.
- [Chains](/tempo/chains): The following Tempo chains are available:
- [Getting Started](/tempo): [Tempo](https://tempo.xyz) is a purpose-built Layer 1 blockchain optimized for payments.
- [Overview](/tempo/actions)
- [Setup](/tempo/actions/setup): Setup the Tempo extension for Viem by following the steps below.
- [Accounts](/tempo/accounts): Tempo.ts provides Viem-compatible [Local Accounts](https://viem.sh/docs/accounts/local) that support multiple signature schemes including **secp256k1**, **P256**, and **WebAuthn (passkeys)**.
- [Chains](/op-stack/chains): The following Viem chains are implemented on the OP Stack:
- [Client](/op-stack/client): Setting up your Viem Client with the OP Stack
- [extractTransactionDepositedLogs](/op-stack/utilities/extractTransactionDepositedLogs): Extracts `TransactionDeposited` logs from an opaque array of logs.
- [extractWithdrawalMessageLogs](/op-stack/utilities/extractWithdrawalMessageLogs): Extracts [`MessagePassed` logs](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/9f73402cb4341f7cfa83bf79769c8dddd9b014c0/packages/contracts-bedrock/src/L2/L2ToL1MessagePasser.sol#L29-L45) from a withdrawal initialization from an opaque array of logs.
- [opaqueDataToDepositData](/op-stack/utilities/fromOpaqueData): Decodes opaque deposit data found in the `TransactionDeposited` event log data.
- [getL2TransactionHash](/op-stack/utilities/getL2TransactionHash): Computes the L2 transaction hash from an L1 `TransactionDeposited` log.
- [getL2TransactionHashes](/op-stack/utilities/getL2TransactionHashes): Computes the L2 transaction hashes from an array of L1 `TransactionDeposited` logs.
- [getSourceHash](/op-stack/utilities/getSourceHash): Computes the [source hash](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/specs/deposits.md#source-hash-computation) of a deposit transaction.
- [getWithdrawalHashStorageSlot](/op-stack/utilities/getWithdrawalHashStorageSlot): Computes the withdrawal hash storage slot to be used when proving a withdrawal.
- [getWithdrawals](/op-stack/utilities/getWithdrawals): Gets withdrawal messages emitted from the [`MessagePassed` log](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/9f73402cb4341f7cfa83bf79769c8dddd9b014c0/packages/contracts-bedrock/src/L2/L2ToL1MessagePasser.sol#L29-L45) from a withdrawal initialization.
- [opaqueDataToDepositData](/op-stack/utilities/opaqueDataToDepositData): Converts an opaque data into a structured deposit data object. This includes extracting and converting the `mint`, `value`, `gas`, `isCreation` flag, and `data` from a hex string.
- [parseTransaction (OP Stack)](/op-stack/utilities/parseTransaction): Parses a serialized RLP-encoded transaction. Supports signed & unsigned Deposit, EIP-1559, EIP-2930 and Legacy Transactions.
- [serializeTransaction (OP Stack)](/op-stack/utilities/serializeTransaction): Serializes a transaction object, with support for OP Stack transactions. Supports Deposit, EIP-1559, EIP-2930, and Legacy transactions.
- [Deposits](/op-stack/guides/deposits): This guide will demonstrate how to deposit (bridge) **1 Ether** from **Mainnet** to **[Optimism (OP Mainnet)](https://www.optimism.io/)**.
- [Withdrawals](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals): This guide will demonstrate how to withdraw **1 Ether** from **[Optimism (OP Mainnet)](https://www.optimism.io/)** to **Mainnet**.
- [buildDepositTransaction](/op-stack/actions/buildDepositTransaction): Builds & prepares parameters for a [deposit transaction](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/specs/deposits.md) to be initiated on an L1 and executed on the L2.
- [buildInitiateWithdrawal](/op-stack/actions/buildInitiateWithdrawal): Builds & prepares parameters for a [withdrawal](https://community.optimism.io/docs/protocol/withdrawal-flow/#withdrawal-initiating-transaction) to be initiated on an L2.
- [buildProveWithdrawal](/op-stack/actions/buildProveWithdrawal): Builds the transaction that proves a withdrawal was initiated on an L2. Used in the Withdrawal flow.
- [depositTransaction](/op-stack/actions/depositTransaction): Initiates a [deposit transaction](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/specs/deposits.md) on an L1, which executes a transaction on an L2.
- [estimateContractL1Fee](/op-stack/actions/estimateContractL1Fee): Estimates the [L1 data fee](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#l1-data-fee) to execute an L2 contract write.
- [estimateContractL1Gas](/op-stack/actions/estimateContractL1Gas): Estimates the [L1 data gas](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#l1-data-fee) to execute an L2 contract write.
- [estimateContractTotalFee](/op-stack/actions/estimateContractTotalFee): Estimates the total ([L1 data](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#l1-data-fee) + L2) fee to execute an L2 contract write.
- [estimateContractTotalGas](/op-stack/actions/estimateContractTotalGas): Estimates the total ([L1 data](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#l1-data-fee) + L2) gas to execute an L2 contract write.
- [estimateDepositTransactionGas](/op-stack/actions/estimateDepositTransactionGas): Estimates gas to initiate a [deposit transaction](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/specs/deposits.md) on an L1, which executes a transaction on an L2.
- [estimateFinalizeWithdrawalGas](/op-stack/actions/estimateFinalizeWithdrawalGas): Estimates gas required to finalize a withdrawal that occurred on an L2.
- [estimateInitiateWithdrawalGas](/op-stack/actions/estimateInitiateWithdrawalGas): Estimates gas required to initiate a [withdrawal](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/specs/deposits.md) on an L2 to the L1.
- [estimateL1Fee](/op-stack/actions/estimateL1Fee): Estimates the [L1 data fee](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#l1-data-fee) to execute an L2 transaction.
- [estimateL1Gas](/op-stack/actions/estimateL1Gas): Estimates the amount of [L1 data gas](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#l1-data-fee) required to execute an L2 transaction.
- [estimateOperatorFee](/op-stack/actions/estimateOperatorFee): Estimates the [operator fee](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#operator-fee) to execute an L2 transaction.
- [estimateProveWithdrawalGas](/op-stack/actions/estimateProveWithdrawalGas): Estimates gas required to prove a withdrawal that occurred on an L2.
- [estimateTotalFee](/op-stack/actions/estimateTotalFee): Estimates the [L1 data fee](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#l1-data-fee) + L2 fee + [operator fee](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#operator-fee) to execute an L2 transaction.
- [estimateTotalGas](/op-stack/actions/estimateTotalGas): Estimates the amount of [L1 data gas](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees#l1-data-fee) + L2 gas required to execute an L2 transaction.
- [finalizeWithdrawal](/op-stack/actions/finalizeWithdrawal): Finalizes a withdrawal that occurred on an L2. Used in the Withdrawal flow.
- [getGame](/op-stack/actions/getGame): Retrieves a valid dispute game on an L2 that occurred after a provided L2 block number. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [getGames](/op-stack/actions/getGames): Retrieves dispute games for an L2. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [getL2Output](/op-stack/actions/getL2Output): Retrieves the first L2 output proposal that occurred after a provided block number. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [getTimeToFinalize](/op-stack/actions/getTimeToFinalize): Returns the time until the withdrawal transaction can be finalized. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [getTimeToNextGame](/op-stack/actions/getTimeToNextGame): Returns the time until the next L2 dispute game (after the provided block number) is submitted. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [getTimeToNextL2Output](/op-stack/actions/getTimeToNextL2Output): Returns the time until the next L2 output (after a provided block number) is submitted. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [getTimeToProve](/op-stack/actions/getTimeToProve): Gets time until the L2 withdrawal transaction is ready to be proved. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [getWithdrawalStatus](/op-stack/actions/getWithdrawalStatus): Returns the current status of a withdrawal. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [initiateWithdrawal](/op-stack/actions/initiateWithdrawal): Initiates a [withdrawal](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/specs/deposits.md) on an L2 to the L1.
- [proveWithdrawal](/op-stack/actions/proveWithdrawal): Proves a withdrawal that occurred on an L2. Used in the Withdrawal flow.
- [waitForNextGame](/op-stack/actions/waitForNextGame): Waits for the next dispute game (after the provided block number) to be submitted. Used within the [waitToProve](/op-stack/actions/waitToProve) Action.
- [waitForNextL2Output](/op-stack/actions/waitForNextL2Output): Waits for the next L2 output (after the provided block number) to be submitted. Used within the [waitToProve](/op-stack/actions/waitToProve) Action.
- [waitToFinalize](/op-stack/actions/waitToFinalize): Waits until the withdrawal transaction can be finalized. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [waitToProve](/op-stack/actions/waitToProve): Waits until the L2 withdrawal transaction is ready to be proved. Used for the [Withdrawal](/op-stack/guides/withdrawals) flow.
- [Client](/experimental/client): Setting up your Viem Client
- [addSubAccount](/experimental/erc7895/addSubAccount): Requests to add a Sub Account. [See more](https://github.com/ethereum/ERCs/blob/4d3d641ee3c84750baf461b8dd71d27c424417a9/ERCS/erc-7895.md)
- [Extending Client with ERC-7895 Actions](/experimental/erc7895/client): Setting up your Viem Client
- [Extending Client with ERC-7846 Actions](/experimental/erc7846/client): Setting up your Viem Client
- [connect](/experimental/erc7846/connect): Requests to connect Account(s) with optional [capabilities](#capabilities).
- [disconnect](/experimental/erc7846/disconnect): Requests to disconnect account(s).
- [Extending Client with ERC-7821 Actions](/experimental/erc7821/client): Setting up your Viem Client
- [execute](/experimental/erc7821/execute): Executes call(s) using the `execute` function on an [ERC-7821-compatible contract](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7821).
- [executeBatches](/experimental/erc7821/executeBatches): Executes batches of call(s) using the ["batch of batches" mode](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7821#optional-batch-of-batches-mode) on an [ERC-7821-compatible contract](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7821).
- [supportsExecutionMode](/experimental/erc7821/supportsExecutionMode): Checks if the contract supports the [ERC-7821](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7821) execution mode.
- [Extending Client with ERC-7811 Actions](/experimental/erc7811/client): Setting up your Viem Client
- [getAssets](/experimental/erc7811/getAssets): Requests to get assets for an account from a Wallet.
- [Extending Client with ERC-7739 Actions](/experimental/erc7739/client): Setting up your Viem Client
- [hashMessage](/experimental/erc7739/hashMessage): Calculates a [EIP-191](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191) personal sign hash via [ERC-7739 `PersonalSign` format](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7739).
- [hashTypedData](/experimental/erc7739/hashTypedData): Hashes [EIP-712](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712) typed data via [ERC-7739 `TypedDataSign` format](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7739).
- [signMessage](/experimental/erc7739/signMessage): Signs an [EIP-191](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191) personal sign message via [ERC-7739 `PersonalSign` format](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7739).
- [signTypedData](/experimental/erc7739/signTypedData): Signs [EIP-712](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712) typed data via [ERC-7739 `TypedDataSign` format](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7739).
- [wrapTypedDataSignature](/experimental/erc7739/wrapTypedDataSignature): Wraps a EIP-712 typed data signature into via [ERC-7739](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7739) format for verification.
- [Extending Client with ERC-7715](/experimental/erc7715/client): Setting up your Viem Client
- [grantPermissions](/experimental/erc7715/grantPermissions): Request permissions from a wallet to perform actions on behalf of a user.
- [Platform Compatibility](/docs/compatibility): Platforms compatible with Viem
- [EIP-7702 Overview](/docs/eip7702): EIP-7702 is a proposal to add a new Transaction type to allow an EOA to designate a Smart Contract as its "implementation".
- [Error Handling](/docs/error-handling): Every module in viem exports an accompanying error type which you can use to strongly type your `catch` statements.
- [Ethers v5 → viem Migration Guide](/docs/ethers-migration): Migrate from Ethers v5 to viem
- [Frequently Asked Questions](/docs/faq): Frequently asked questions related to viem.
- [Getting Started](/docs/getting-started): Get started with viem in just a few lines of code.
- [Installation](/docs/installation): Install Viem via your package manager, a `<script>` tag, or build from source.
- [Why Viem](/docs/introduction): A brief preamble on why we built Viem
- [Migration Guide](/docs/migration-guide): If you are coming from an earlier version of `viem`, you will need to make sure to update the following APIs listed below.
- [TypeScript](/docs/typescript): TypeScript support for Viem
- [blobsToCommitments](/docs/utilities/blobsToCommitments): Compute commitments from a list of blobs.
- [blobsToProofs](/docs/utilities/blobsToProofs): Compute the proofs for a list of blobs and their commitments.
- [commitmentToVersionedHash](/docs/utilities/commitmentToVersionedHash): Transform a commitment to it's versioned hash.
- [commitmentsToVersionedHashes](/docs/utilities/commitmentsToVersionedHashes): Transform a list of commitments to their versioned hashes.
- [compactSignatureToSignature](/docs/utilities/compactSignatureToSignature): Parses a [EIP-2098](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098) compact signature into signature format.
- [concat](/docs/utilities/concat): Concatenates a set of hex values or byte arrays.
- [defineKzg](/docs/utilities/defineKzg): Defines a [EIP-4844](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844) compatible [KZG interface](https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/proto_danksharding_faq#How-%E2%80%9Ccomplicated%E2%80%9D-and-%E2%80%9Cnew%E2%80%9D-is-KZG). The KZG interface is used in the blob transaction signing process to generate KZG commitments & proofs.
- [extractChain](/docs/utilities/extractChain): Extracts a type-safe chain by ID from a set of chains.
- [formatEther](/docs/utilities/formatEther): Converts numerical wei to a string representation of ether.
- [formatGwei](/docs/utilities/formatGwei): Converts numerical wei to a string representation of gwei.
- [formatUnits](/docs/utilities/formatUnits): Divides a number by a given exponent of base 10 (10<sup>exponent</sup>), and formats it into a string representation of the number.
- [fromBase58](/docs/utilities/fromBase58): Coming soon.
- [fromBase64](/docs/utilities/fromBase64): Coming soon.
- [fromBlobs](/docs/utilities/fromBlobs): Transforms Viem-shaped blobs into the originating data.
- [fromBytes](/docs/utilities/fromBytes): Decodes a byte array to a string, hex value, boolean or number.
- [fromHex](/docs/utilities/fromHex): Decodes a hex value to a string, number or byte array.
- [fromRlp](/docs/utilities/fromRlp): Decodes a [Recursive-Length Prefix (RLP)](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp) value into a decoded hex value or byte array.
- [getAddress](/docs/utilities/getAddress): Converts an address into an address that is [checksum encoded](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-55). Supports [EIP-1191](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1191).
- [getContractAddress](/docs/utilities/getContractAddress): Retrieves the contract address generated by the [`CREATE`](https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/68945) or [`CREATE2`](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1014) opcode – invoked after deploying a contract to the network.
- [hashMessage](/docs/utilities/hashMessage): Calculates an Ethereum-specific hash in [EIP-191 format](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191): `keccak256("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + len(message) + message))`.
- [hashTypedData](/docs/utilities/hashTypedData): Hashes EIP-712 typed data.
- [isAddress](/docs/utilities/isAddress): Checks if the address is valid. By default, it also verifies whether the address is in checksum format.
- [isAddressEqual](/docs/utilities/isAddressEqual): Checks if the given addresses (checksummed) are equal.
- [isBytes](/docs/utilities/isBytes): Checks whether the value is a byte array or not.
- [isErc6492Signature](/docs/utilities/isErc6492Signature): Checks whether the signature is in [ERC-6492](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6492) format.
- [isHash](/docs/utilities/isHash): Checks if a string is a valid 32-byte hex hash.
- [isHex](/docs/utilities/isHex): Checks whether the value is a hex value or not.
- [keccak256](/docs/utilities/keccak256): Calculates the [Keccak256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-3) hash of a byte array or hex value.
- [pad](/docs/utilities/pad): Pads a hex value or byte array with leading or trailing zeros.
- [parseCompactSignature](/docs/utilities/parseCompactSignature): Parses a hex formatted compact signature into a structured ("split") compact signature.
- [parseErc6492Signature](/docs/utilities/parseErc6492Signature): Parses a hex-formatted [ERC-6492](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6492) flavoured signature.
- [parseEther](/docs/utilities/parseEther): Converts a string representation of ether to numerical wei.
- [parseGwei](/docs/utilities/parseGwei): Converts a string representation of gwei to numerical wei.
- [parseSignature](/docs/utilities/parseSignature): Parses a hex formatted signature into a structured ("split") signature.
- [parseTransaction](/docs/utilities/parseTransaction): Parses a serialized RLP-encoded transaction. Supports signed & unsigned EIP-1559, EIP-2930 and Legacy Transactions.
- [parseUnits](/docs/utilities/parseUnits): Multiplies a string representation of a number by a given exponent of base 10 (10<sup>exponent</sup>).
- [recoverAddress](/docs/utilities/recoverAddress): Recovers the original signing address from a hash & signature.
- [recoverMessageAddress](/docs/utilities/recoverMessageAddress): Recovers the original signing address from a message & signature.
- [recoverPublicKey](/docs/utilities/recoverPublicKey): Recovers the original signing 64-byte public key from a hash & signature.
- [recoverTransactionAddress](/docs/utilities/recoverTransactionAddress): Recovers the original signing address from a transaction & signature.
- [recoverTypedDataAddress](/docs/utilities/recoverTypedDataAddress): Recovers the original signing address from EIP-712 typed data & signature.
- [ripemd160](/docs/utilities/ripemd160): Calculates the [Ripemd160](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPEMD) hash of a byte array or hex value.
- [serializeCompactSignature](/docs/utilities/serializeCompactSignature): Serializes a [EIP-2098](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098) compact signature into hex format.
- [serializeErc6492Signature](/docs/utilities/serializeErc6492Signature): Serializes a [ERC-6492](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6492) flavoured signature into hex format.
- [serializeSignature](/docs/utilities/serializeSignature): Serializes a structured signature into hex format.
- [serializeTransaction](/docs/utilities/serializeTransaction): Serializes a transaction object. Supports EIP-1559, EIP-2930, and Legacy transactions.
- [setupKzg](/docs/utilities/setupKzg): Sets up and defines a [EIP-4844](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844) compatible [KZG interface](https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/proto_danksharding_faq#How-%E2%80%9Ccomplicated%E2%80%9D-and-%E2%80%9Cnew%E2%80%9D-is-KZG). The KZG interface is used in the blob transaction signing process to generate KZG commitments & proofs.
- [sha256](/docs/utilities/sha256): Calculates the [Sha256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-256) hash of a byte array or hex value.
- [sidecarsToVersionedHashes](/docs/utilities/sidecarsToVersionedHashes): Transforms a list of sidecars to their versioned hashes.
- [signatureToCompactSignature](/docs/utilities/signatureToCompactSignature): Parses a signature into a [EIP-2098](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098) compact signature.
- [size](/docs/utilities/size): Retrieves the size of the value (in bytes).
- [slice](/docs/utilities/slice): Returns a section of the hex or byte array given a start/end bytes offset.
- [toBase58](/docs/utilities/toBase58): Coming soon.
- [toBase64](/docs/utilities/toBase64): Coming soon.
- [toBlobSidecars](/docs/utilities/toBlobSidecars): Transforms arbitrary data (or blobs, commitments, & proofs) into a blob sidecar array.
- [toBlobs](/docs/utilities/toBlobs): Transforms arbitrary data into Viem-shaped blobs.
- [toBytes](/docs/utilities/toBytes): Encodes a string, hex value, number or boolean to a byte array.
- [toEventHash](/docs/utilities/toEventHash): Returns the hash (of the event signature) for a given event definition.
- [toEventSelector](/docs/utilities/toEventSelector): Returns the event selector for a given event definition.
- [toEventSignature](/docs/utilities/toEventSignature): Returns the signature for a given event definition.
- [toFunctionHash](/docs/utilities/toFunctionHash): Returns the hash (of the function signature) for a given function definition.
- [toFunctionSelector](/docs/utilities/toFunctionSelector): Returns the function selector (4 byte encoding) for a given function definition.
- [toFunctionSignature](/docs/utilities/toFunctionSignature): Returns the signature for a given function definition.
- [toHex](/docs/utilities/toHex): Encodes a string, number, boolean or byte array to a hex value value.
- [toRlp](/docs/utilities/toRlp): Encodes a hex value or byte array into a [Recursive-Length Prefix (RLP)](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/data-structures-and-encoding/rlp/) encoded value.
- [trim](/docs/utilities/trim): Trims the leading or trailing zero byte data from a hex value or byte array.
- [verifyMessage](/docs/utilities/verifyMessage): Verify that a message was signed by the provided address.
- [verifyTypedData](/docs/utilities/verifyTypedData): Verify that typed data was signed by the provided address.
- [createSiweMessage](/docs/siwe/utilities/createSiweMessage): Creates [EIP-4361](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4361) formatted message.
- [generateSiweNonce](/docs/siwe/utilities/generateSiweNonce): Generates random [EIP-4361](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4361) nonce.
- [parseSiweMessage](/docs/siwe/utilities/parseSiweMessage): Parses [EIP-4361](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4361) formatted message into message fields object.
- [validateSiweMessage](/docs/siwe/utilities/validateSiweMessage): Validates [EIP-4361](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4361) message.
- [verifySiweMessage](/docs/siwe/actions/verifySiweMessage): Verifies [EIP-4361](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4361) formatted message was signed.
- [Blob Transactions](/docs/guides/blob-transactions): Sending your first Blob Transaction with Viem.
- [Errors](/docs/glossary/errors): Glossary of Errors in viem.
- [Terms](/docs/glossary/terms): Glossary of Terms in viem.
- [Types](/docs/glossary/types): Glossary of Types in viem.
- [labelhash](/docs/ens/utilities/labelhash): Hashes ENS label.
- [namehash](/docs/ens/utilities/namehash): Hashes ENS name.
- [normalize](/docs/ens/utilities/normalize): Normalizes ENS name to [UTS51](https://unicode.org/reports/tr51) and [ENSIP-15](https://github.com/ensdomains/docs/blob/9edf9443de4333a0ea7ec658a870672d5d180d53/ens-improvement-proposals/ensip-15-normalization-standard.md).
- [getEnsAddress](/docs/ens/actions/getEnsAddress): Gets address for ENS name.
- [getEnsAvatar](/docs/ens/actions/getEnsAvatar): Gets the avatar of an ENS name.
- [getEnsName](/docs/ens/actions/getEnsName): Gets primary name for specified address.
- [getEnsResolver](/docs/ens/actions/getEnsResolver): Gets resolver for ENS name.
- [getEnsText](/docs/ens/actions/getEnsText): Gets a text record for specified ENS name.
- [Contract Writes with EIP-7702](/docs/eip7702/contract-writes): The guide below demonstrates how to perform Contract Writes with EIP-7702 to invoke Contract functions on an Externally Owned Account (EOA).
- [hashAuthorization](/docs/eip7702/hashAuthorization): Calculates an Authorization hash in [EIP-7702 format](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702): `keccak256('0x05' || rlp([chain_id, address, nonce]))`.
- [prepareAuthorization](/docs/eip7702/prepareAuthorization): Prepares an [EIP-7702 Authorization](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702) for signing.
This Action will fill the required fields of the Authorization object if they are not provided (e.g. `nonce` and `chainId`).
- [recoverAuthorizationAddress](/docs/eip7702/recoverAuthorizationAddress): Recovers the original signing address from a signed Authorization object.
- [Sending Transactions with EIP-7702](/docs/eip7702/sending-transactions): The guide below demonstrates how to send EIP-7702 Transactions to invoke Contract functions on an Externally Owned Account (EOA).
- [signAuthorization](/docs/eip7702/signAuthorization): Signs an [EIP-7702 Authorization](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702). The signed Authorization can be used in Transaction APIs like [`sendTransaction`](/docs/actions/wallet/sendTransaction#authorizationlist-optional) and [`writeContract`](/docs/contract/writeContract#authorizationlist-optional) to delegate an authorized Contract onto an Account.
- [verifyAuthorization](/docs/eip7702/verifyAuthorization): Verifies that an Authorization object was signed by the provided address.
- [createContractEventFilter](/docs/contract/createContractEventFilter): Creates a Filter to retrieve contract event logs.
- [decodeDeployData](/docs/contract/decodeDeployData): Decodes ABI encoded deploy data (bytecode & arguments).
- [decodeErrorResult](/docs/contract/decodeErrorResult): Decodes reverted error from a contract function call.
- [decodeEventLog](/docs/contract/decodeEventLog): Decodes ABI encoded event topics & data (from an [Event Log](/docs/glossary/terms#event-log)) into an event name and structured arguments (both indexed & non-indexed).
- [decodeFunctionData](/docs/contract/decodeFunctionData): Decodes ABI encoded data (4 byte selector & arguments) into a function name and arguments.
- [decodeFunctionResult](/docs/contract/decodeFunctionResult): Decodes the result of a function call on a contract.
- [deployContract](/docs/contract/deployContract): Deploys a contract to the network, given bytecode & constructor arguments.
- [encodeDeployData](/docs/contract/encodeDeployData): Encodes deploy data (bytecode & constructor args) into an ABI encoded value.
- [encodeErrorResult](/docs/contract/encodeErrorResult): Encodes a reverted error from a function call. The opposite of [`decodeErrorResult`](/docs/contract/decodeErrorResult).
- [encodeEventTopics](/docs/contract/encodeEventTopics): Encodes an event (with optional arguments) into filter topics.
- [encodeFunctionData](/docs/contract/encodeFunctionData): Encodes the function name and parameters into an ABI encoded value (4 byte selector & arguments).
- [encodeFunctionResult](/docs/contract/encodeFunctionResult): Encodes structured return data into ABI encoded data. It is the opposite of [`decodeFunctionResult`](/docs/contract/decodeFunctionResult).
- [estimateContractGas](/docs/contract/estimateContractGas): Estimates the gas required to successfully execute a contract write function call.
- [getCode](/docs/contract/getCode): Retrieves the bytecode at an address.
- [Contract Instances](/docs/contract/getContract): A Contract Instance is a type-safe interface for performing contract-related actions with a specific ABI and address, created by the `getContract` function.
- [getContractEvents](/docs/contract/getContractEvents): Returns a list of contract **event logs** matching the provided parameters.
- [getStorageAt](/docs/contract/getStorageAt): Returns the value from a storage slot at a given address.
- [multicall](/docs/contract/multicall): Batches up multiple functions on a contract in a single call.
- [parseEventLogs](/docs/contract/parseEventLogs): Extracts & decodes logs matching the provided `abi` (and optional `eventName`) from a set of opaque logs.
- [readContract](/docs/contract/readContract): Calls a read-only function on a contract, and returns the response.
- [simulateContract](/docs/contract/simulateContract): Simulates & validates a contract interaction.
- [watchContractEvent](/docs/contract/watchContractEvent): Watches and returns emitted contract event logs.
- [writeContract](/docs/contract/writeContract): Executes a write function on a contract.
- [writeContractSync](/docs/contract/writeContractSync): Executes a write function on a contract, and waits for the transaction to be included in a block. Returns the transaction receipt.
- [Build your own Client](/docs/clients/custom): You can build your own viem Client by using the `createClient` function and optionally extending (`.extend`) it – this is how viem's internal Clients ([Public](/docs/clients/public), [Wallet](/docs/clients/wallet), and [Test](/docs/clients/test)) are built.
- [Introduction to Clients & Transports](/docs/clients/intro): A brief introduction to Clients & Transports.
- [Public Client](/docs/clients/public): A function to create a Public Client
- [Test Client](/docs/clients/test): A function to create a Test Client
- [Wallet Client](/docs/clients/wallet): A function to create a Wallet Client.
- [Custom Transport](/docs/clients/transports/custom): A function to create a Custom Transport for a Client
- [Fallback Transport](/docs/clients/transports/fallback): A function to create a Fallback Transport for a Client
- [HTTP Transport](/docs/clients/transports/http): A function to create a HTTP Transport for a Client
- [IPC Transport](/docs/clients/transports/ipc): A function to create an IPC Transport for a Client
- [WebSocket Transport](/docs/clients/transports/websocket): A function to create a WebSocket Transport for a Client
- [Celo](/docs/chains/celo): Integrating with Celo in Viem
- [Fees](/docs/chains/fees): Configure chain-based fee data in Viem
- [Formatters](/docs/chains/formatters): Configure chain-based formatters in Viem
- [Chains](/docs/chains/introduction): The `viem/chains` entrypoint contains references to popular EVM-compatible chains such as: Polygon, Optimism, Avalanche, Base, Zora, and more.
- [Serializers](/docs/chains/serializers): Configure chain-based serializers in Viem
- [ZKsync](/docs/chains/zksync): Integrating with ZKsync in Viem
- [addChain](/docs/actions/wallet/addChain): Adds an EVM chain to the wallet.
- [getAddresses](/docs/actions/wallet/getAddresses): Returns a list of account addresses owned by the wallet or client.
- [getPermissions](/docs/actions/wallet/getPermissions): Gets the wallets current permissions.
- [Introduction to Wallet Actions](/docs/actions/wallet/introduction): A brief introduction to Wallet Actions in viem.
- [prepareTransactionRequest](/docs/actions/wallet/prepareTransactionRequest): Prepares a transaction request for signing by populating a nonce, gas limit, fee values, and a transaction type.
- [requestAddresses](/docs/actions/wallet/requestAddresses): Requests a list of accounts managed by a wallet.
- [requestPermissions](/docs/actions/wallet/requestPermissions): Requests permissions for a wallet.
- [sendRawTransaction](/docs/actions/wallet/sendRawTransaction): Sends a **signed** transaction to the network. Can be used with both [Public Clients](/docs/clients/public) and [Wallet Clients](/docs/clients/wallet)
- [sendRawTransactionSync](/docs/actions/wallet/sendRawTransactionSync): Sends a **signed** transaction to the network, and waits for the transaction to be included in a block.
- [sendTransaction](/docs/actions/wallet/sendTransaction): Creates, signs, and sends a new transaction to the network.
- [sendTransactionSync](/docs/actions/wallet/sendTransactionSync): Creates, signs, and sends a new transaction to the network, and waits for the transaction to be included in a block. Returns the transaction receipt.
- [signMessage](/docs/actions/wallet/signMessage): Calculates an Ethereum-specific signature in [EIP-191 format](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191): `keccak256("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + len(message) + message))`.
- [signTransaction](/docs/actions/wallet/signTransaction): Signs a transaction.
- [signTypedData](/docs/actions/wallet/signTypedData): Signs typed data and calculates an Ethereum-specific signature in [https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712): `sign(keccak256("\x19\x01" ‖ domainSeparator ‖ hashStruct(message)))`
- [switchChain](/docs/actions/wallet/switchChain): Switch the target chain in a wallet.
- [watchAsset](/docs/actions/wallet/watchAsset): Requests that the user tracks the token in their wallet. Returns a boolean indicating if the token was successfully added.
- [getCallsStatus](/docs/actions/wallet/getCallsStatus): Returns the status of a call batch that was sent via `sendCalls`.
- [getCapabilities](/docs/actions/wallet/getCapabilities): Extract capabilities (grouped by chain ID) that a connected wallet supports (e.g. paymasters, session keys, etc).
- [sendCalls](/docs/actions/wallet/sendCalls): Requests for the wallet to sign and broadcast a batch of calls to the network.
- [sendCallsSync](/docs/actions/wallet/sendCallsSync): Requests for the wallet to sign and broadcast a batch of calls to the network, and waits for the calls to be included in a block.
- [showCallsStatus](/docs/actions/wallet/showCallsStatus): Requests for the wallet to show information about a call batch that was sent via `sendCalls`.
- [waitForCallsStatus](/docs/actions/wallet/waitForCallsStatus): Waits for a call batch to be confirmed & included on a [Block](/docs/glossary/terms#block) before returning the status & receipts.
- [dropTransaction](/docs/actions/test/dropTransaction): Remove a transaction from the mempool.
- [dumpState](/docs/actions/test/dumpState): Serializes the current state (including contracts code, contract's storage, accounts properties, etc.) into a savable data blob.
- [getAutomine](/docs/actions/test/getAutomine): Returns the automatic mining status of the node.
- [getTxpoolContent](/docs/actions/test/getTxpoolContent): Returns the details of all transactions currently pending for inclusion in the next block(s), as well as the ones that are being scheduled for future execution only. [Read more](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-txpool).
- [getTxpoolStatus](/docs/actions/test/getTxpoolStatus): Returns a summary of all the transactions currently pending for inclusion in the next block(s), as well as the ones that are being scheduled for future execution only. [Read more](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-txpool).
- [impersonateAccount](/docs/actions/test/impersonateAccount): Impersonate an account or contract address. This lets you send transactions from that account even if you don't have access to its private key.
- [increaseTime](/docs/actions/test/increaseTime): Jump forward in time by the given amount of time, in seconds.
- [inspectTxpool](/docs/actions/test/inspectTxpool): Returns a summary of all the transactions currently pending for inclusion in the next block(s), as well as the ones that are being scheduled for future execution only. [Read more](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-txpool).
- [Introduction to Test Actions](/docs/actions/test/introduction): A brief introduction on what Test Actions are in viem.
- [loadState](/docs/actions/test/loadState): Adds state previously dumped with `dumpState` to the current chain.
- [mine](/docs/actions/test/mine): Mine a specified number of blocks.
- [removeBlockTimestampInterval](/docs/actions/test/removeBlockTimestampInterval): Removes [`setBlockTimestampInterval`](/docs/actions/test/setBlockTimestampInterval) if it exists.
- [reset](/docs/actions/test/reset): Resets the fork back to its original state.
- [revert](/docs/actions/test/revert): Revert the state of the blockchain at the current block.
- [sendUnsignedTransaction](/docs/actions/test/sendUnsignedTransaction): Executes a transaction regardless of the signature.
- [setAutomine](/docs/actions/test/setAutomine): Enables or disables the automatic mining of new blocks with each new transaction submitted to the network.
- [setBalance](/docs/actions/test/setBalance): Modifies the balance of an account.
- [setBlockGasLimit](/docs/actions/test/setBlockGasLimit): Sets the block's gas limit.
- [setBlockTimestampInterval](/docs/actions/test/setBlockTimestampInterval): Similar to [`increaseTime`](/docs/actions/test/increaseTime), but sets a block timestamp `interval`. The timestamp of future blocks will be computed as `lastBlock_timestamp` + `interval`.
- [setCode](/docs/actions/test/setCode): Modifies the bytecode stored at an account's address.
- [setCoinbase](/docs/actions/test/setCoinbase): Sets the coinbase address to be used in new blocks.
- [setIntervalMining](/docs/actions/test/setIntervalMining): Sets the automatic mining interval (in seconds) of blocks. Setting the interval to `0` will disable automatic mining.
- [setLoggingEnabled](/docs/actions/test/setLoggingEnabled): Enable or disable logging on the test node network.
- [setMinGasPrice](/docs/actions/test/setMinGasPrice): Change the minimum gas price accepted by the network (in wei).
- [setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas](/docs/actions/test/setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas): Sets the next block's base fee per gas.
- [setNextBlockTimestamp](/docs/actions/test/setNextBlockTimestamp): Sets the next block's timestamp.
- [setNonce](/docs/actions/test/setNonce): Modifies (overrides) the nonce of an account.
- [setRpcUrl](/docs/actions/test/setRpcUrl): Sets the backend RPC URL.
- [setStorageAt](/docs/actions/test/setStorageAt): Writes to a slot of an account's storage.
- [snapshot](/docs/actions/test/snapshot): Snapshot the state of the blockchain at the current block.
- [stopImpersonatingAccount](/docs/actions/test/stopImpersonatingAccount): Stop impersonating an account after having previously used [`impersonateAccount`](/docs/actions/test/impersonateAccount).
- [call](/docs/actions/public/call): An Action for executing a new message call.
- [createAccessList](/docs/actions/public/createAccessList): Creates an [EIP-2930](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2930) access list based on a transaction request.
- [createBlockFilter](/docs/actions/public/createBlockFilter): An Action for creating a new Block Filter.
- [createEventFilter](/docs/actions/public/createEventFilter): An Action for creating a new Event Filter.
- [createPendingTransactionFilter](/docs/actions/public/createPendingTransactionFilter): An Action for creating a new pending transaction filter.
- [estimateFeesPerGas](/docs/actions/public/estimateFeesPerGas): Returns an estimate for the fees per gas (in wei) for a transaction to be likely included in the next block.
- [estimateGas](/docs/actions/public/estimateGas): An Action for estimating gas for a transaction.
- [estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas](/docs/actions/public/estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas): Returns an estimate for the max priority fee per gas (in wei) for a transaction to be likely included in the next block.
- [getBalance](/docs/actions/public/getBalance): Returns the balance of an address in wei.
- [getBlobBaseFee](/docs/actions/public/getBlobBaseFee): Returns the current blob base fee (in wei).
- [getBlock](/docs/actions/public/getBlock): Returns information about a block at a block number, hash or tag.
- [getBlockNumber](/docs/actions/public/getBlockNumber): Returns the number of the most recent block seen.
- [getBlockTransactionCount](/docs/actions/public/getBlockTransactionCount): Returns the number of Transactions at a block number, hash or tag.
- [getChainId](/docs/actions/public/getChainId): Returns the chain ID associated with the current network
- [getEip712Domain](/docs/actions/public/getEip712Domain): Reads the EIP-712 domain from a contract, based on the [ERC-5267 specification](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5267).
- [getFeeHistory](/docs/actions/public/getFeeHistory): Returns a collection of historical gas information.
- [getFilterChanges](/docs/actions/public/getFilterChanges): Returns a list of logs or hashes based on a [Filter](/docs/glossary/terms#filter) since the last time it was called.
- [getFilterLogs](/docs/actions/public/getFilterLogs): Returns a list of **event** logs since the filter was created.
- [getGasPrice](/docs/actions/public/getGasPrice): Returns the current price of gas (in wei).
- [getLogs](/docs/actions/public/getLogs): Returns a list of **event** logs matching the provided parameters.
- [getProof](/docs/actions/public/getProof): Returns the account and storage values of the specified account including the Merkle-proof.
- [getTransaction](/docs/actions/public/getTransaction): Returns information about a [Transaction](/docs/glossary/terms#transaction) given a hash or block identifier.
- [getTransactionConfirmations](/docs/actions/public/getTransactionConfirmations): Returns the number of blocks passed (confirmations) since the transaction was processed on a block.
- [getTransactionCount](/docs/actions/public/getTransactionCount): Returns the number of [Transactions](/docs/glossary/terms#transaction) an Account has broadcast / sent.
- [getTransactionReceipt](/docs/actions/public/getTransactionReceipt): Returns the [Transaction Receipt](/docs/glossary/terms#transaction-receipt) given a [Transaction](/docs/glossary/terms#transaction) hash.
- [Introduction to Public Actions](/docs/actions/public/introduction): A brief introduction on what Public Actions are in viem.
- [simulateBlocks](/docs/actions/public/simulateBlocks): Simulates a set of calls on block(s) with optional block and state overrides. Internally uses the [`eth_simulateV1` JSON-RPC method](https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/484).
- [simulateCalls](/docs/actions/public/simulateCalls): Simulates a set of calls for a block, and optionally provides asset changes. Internally uses the [`eth_simulateV1` JSON-RPC method](https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/484).
- [uninstallFilter](/docs/actions/public/uninstallFilter): Destroys a [`Filter`](/docs/glossary/types#filter) that was created from one of the following Actions:
- [verifyHash](/docs/actions/public/verifyHash): Verify that a hash (digest) was signed by the provided address.
- [verifyMessage](/docs/actions/public/verifyMessage): Verify that a message was signed by the provided address.
- [verifyTypedData](/docs/actions/public/verifyTypedData): Verify that typed data was signed by the provided address.
- [waitForTransactionReceipt](/docs/actions/public/waitForTransactionReceipt): Waits for the [Transaction](/docs/glossary/terms#transaction) to be included on a [Block](/docs/glossary/terms#block) (one confirmation), and then returns the [Transaction Receipt](/docs/glossary/terms#transaction-receipt).
- [watchBlockNumber](/docs/actions/public/watchBlockNumber): Watches and returns incoming block numbers.
- [watchBlocks](/docs/actions/public/watchBlocks): Watches and returns information for incoming blocks.
- [watchEvent](/docs/actions/public/watchEvent): Watches and returns emitted [Event Logs](/docs/glossary/terms#event-log).
- [watchPendingTransactions](/docs/actions/public/watchPendingTransactions): Watches and returns pending transaction hashes.
- [JSON-RPC Account](/docs/accounts/jsonRpc): A function to create a JSON-RPC Account.
- [Local Accounts (Private Key, Mnemonic, etc)](/docs/accounts/local): A Local Account is an Account whose signing keys are stored on the consuming user's machine. It performs signing of transactions & messages with a private key **before** broadcasting the transaction or message over JSON-RPC.
- [createNonceManager](/docs/accounts/local/createNonceManager): Creates a Nonce Manager for automatic nonce generation
- [hdKeyToAccount](/docs/accounts/local/hdKeyToAccount): A function to create a Hierarchical Deterministic (HD) Account.
- [mnemonicToAccount](/docs/accounts/local/mnemonicToAccount): A function to create a Mnemonic Account.
- [privateKeyToAccount](/docs/accounts/local/privateKeyToAccount): A function to create a Private Key Account.
- [signMessage (Local Account)](/docs/accounts/local/signMessage): Signs a message with the Account's private key.
- [signTransaction (Local Account)](/docs/accounts/local/signTransaction): Signs a transaction with the Account's private key.
- [signTypedData (Local Account)](/docs/accounts/local/signTypedData): Signs typed data with the Account's private key.
- [toAccount](/docs/accounts/local/toAccount): A function to create a Custom Account.
- [decodeAbiParameters](/docs/abi/decodeAbiParameters): Decodes ABI encoded data.
- [encodeAbiParameters](/docs/abi/encodeAbiParameters): Generates ABI encoded data using the [ABI specification](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/abi-spec.html), given a set of ABI parameters (`inputs`/`outputs`) and their corresponding values.
- [encodePacked](/docs/abi/encodePacked): Generates [ABI non-standard packed encoded data](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.18/abi-spec#non-standard-packed-mode) given a set of solidity types compatible with packed encoding.
- [getAbiItem](/docs/abi/getAbiItem): Retrieves an item from the ABI.
- [parseAbi](/docs/abi/parseAbi): Parses human-readable ABI into JSON [`Abi`](/docs/glossary/types#abi). Re-exported from [ABIType](https://abitype.dev/api/human#parseabi-1).
- [parseAbiItem](/docs/abi/parseAbiItem): Parses human-readable ABI item (e.g. error, event, function) into ABI item. Re-exported from [ABIType](https://abitype.dev/api/human#parseabiitem-1).
- [parseAbiParameter](/docs/abi/parseAbiParameter): Parses human-readable ABI parameter into [`AbiParameter`](/docs/glossary/types#abiparameter). Re-exported from [ABIType](https://abitype.dev/api/human#parseabiparameter-1).
- [parseAbiParameters](/docs/abi/parseAbiParameters): Parses human-readable ABI parameters into [`AbiParameter`s](/docs/glossary/types#abiparameter). Re-exported from [ABIType](https://abitype.dev/api/human#parseabiparameters-1).
- [Cross Chain USDC Transfers with Bridge Kit](/circle-usdc/guides/bridge-kit): This guide is maintained by [Circle](https://www.circle.com).
- [Cross-Chain USDC Transfers](/circle-usdc/guides/cross-chain): This guide is maintained by [Circle](https://www.circle.com).
- [Integrating USDC into Your Application](/circle-usdc/guides/integrating): This guide is maintained by [Circle](https://www.circle.com).
- [Cross Chain USDC Transfers (CCTP Integration)](/circle-usdc/guides/manual-cctp): This guide is maintained by [Circle](https://www.circle.com).
- [Gasless USDC Transfers with Circle Paymaster](/circle-usdc/guides/paymaster): This guide is maintained by [Circle](https://www.circle.com).
- [Circle Smart Account](/circle-usdc/guides/smart-account): This package & guide is maintained by [Circle](https://www.circle.com).
- [Sending User Operations](/account-abstraction/guides/sending-user-operations): The guide below demonstrates how to send User Operations with a [Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart).
- [Bundler Client](/account-abstraction/clients/bundler): A function to create a Bundler Client.
- [Paymaster Client](/account-abstraction/clients/paymaster): A function to create a Paymaster Client.
- [getPaymasterData](/account-abstraction/actions/paymaster/getPaymasterData): Retrieves paymaster-related User Operation properties to be used for sending the User Operation.
- [getPaymasterStubData](/account-abstraction/actions/paymaster/getPaymasterStubData): Retrieves paymaster-related User Operation properties to be used for User Operation gas estimation.
- [estimateUserOperationGas](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/estimateUserOperationGas): Estimates the gas values for a User Operation to be executed successfully.
- [getChainId](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/getChainId): Returns the chain ID associated with the bundler
- [getSupportedEntryPoints](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/getSupportedEntryPoints): Returns the EntryPoints that the bundler supports.
- [getUserOperation](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/getUserOperation): Retrieves information about a User Operation given a hash.
- [getUserOperationReceipt](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/getUserOperationReceipt): Returns the User Operation Receipt given a User Operation hash.
- [TODO](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/introduction)
- [prepareUserOperation](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/prepareUserOperation): Prepares a User Operation for execution and fills in missing properties.
- [sendUserOperation](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/sendUserOperation): Broadcasts a User Operation to the Bundler.
- [waitForUserOperationReceipt](/account-abstraction/actions/bundler/waitForUserOperationReceipt): Waits for the User Operation to be included on a [Block](https://viem.sh/docs/glossary/terms#block) (one confirmation), and then returns the User Operation receipt.
- [Smart Accounts](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart): A **Smart Account** is an account whose implementation resides in a **Smart Contract**, and implements the [ERC-4337 interface](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337#account-contract-interface).
- [WebAuthn Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/webauthn): A WebAuthn Account is nearly identical to a [Local Account](/docs/accounts/local), but with the following differences:
- [createWebAuthnCredential](/account-abstraction/accounts/webauthn/createWebAuthnCredential): Registers a **WebAuthn Credential** designed to be used to create a [WebAuthn Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/webauthn/toWebAuthnAccount).
- [toWebAuthnAccount](/account-abstraction/accounts/webauthn/toWebAuthnAccount): Creates a **WebAuthn Account** – commonly used for **[Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart) Owners** to sign User Operations and messages on behalf of the Smart Account.
- [signMessage (Smart Account)](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/signMessage): Calculates an Ethereum-specific signature in [EIP-191 format](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191): `keccak256("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + len(message) + message))`.
- [signTypedData (Smart Account)](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/signTypedData): Signs typed data and calculates an Ethereum-specific signature in [https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712): `sign(keccak256("\x19\x01" ‖ domainSeparator ‖ hashStruct(message)))`
- [signUserOperation (Smart Account)](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/signUserOperation): Signs a User Operation with the Smart Account's **Owner**.
- [Coinbase Smart Wallet](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toCoinbaseSmartAccount): The `toCoinbaseSmartAccount` implementation references the [Coinbase Smart Wallet](https://github.com/coinbase/smart-wallet) contract.
- [Kernel (ZeroDev) Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toEcdsaKernelSmartAccount): **Note:** This implementation is maintained & distributed by [permissionless.js](https://docs.pimlico.io/permissionless).
- [Light Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toLightSmartAccount): **Note:** This implementation is maintained & distributed by [permissionless.js](https://docs.pimlico.io/permissionless).
- [MetaMask Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toMetaMaskSmartAccount): **Note:** This implementation is maintained & distributed by [MetaMask Smart Accounts Kit](https://docs.metamask.io/smart-accounts-kit).
- [Nexus Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toNexusSmartAccount): **Note:** This implementation is maintained & distributed by [permissionless.js](https://docs.pimlico.io/permissionless).
- [Safe Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toSafeSmartAccount): **Note:** This implementation is maintained & distributed by [permissionless.js](https://docs.pimlico.io/permissionless).
- [Simple Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toSimpleSmartAccount): **Note:** This implementation is maintained & distributed by [permissionless.js](https://docs.pimlico.io/permissionless).
- [toSmartAccount](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toSmartAccount): The `toSmartAccount` function allows you to create a Smart Account with a custom Account Implementation.
- [Solady Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toSoladySmartAccount): The `toSoladySmartAccount` simple Smart Account Implementation that references [Solady's `ERC4337.sol`](https://github.com/Vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/accounts/ERC4337.sol) Smart Account contract.
- [Thirdweb Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toThirdwebSmartAccount): **Note:** This implementation is maintained & distributed by [permissionless.js](https://docs.pimlico.io/permissionless).
- [Trust Smart Account](/account-abstraction/accounts/smart/toTrustSmartAccount): **Note:** This implementation is maintained & distributed by [permissionless.js](https://docs.pimlico.io/permissionless).