# signTransaction

Signs a transaction.

## Usage

:::code-group
```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { account, walletClient } from './config'
 
const request = await walletClient.prepareTransactionRequest({
  account,
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: 1000000000000000000n
})

const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction(request) // [!code focus:2]
// 0x02f850018203118080825208808080c080a04012522854168b27e5dc3d5839bab5e6b39e1a0ffd343901ce1622e3d64b48f1a04e00902ae0502c4728cbf12156290df99c3ed7de85b1dbfe20b5c36931733a33

const hash = await walletClient.sendRawTransaction(signature)
```

```ts twoslash [config.ts] filename="config.ts"
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]

export const [account] = await walletClient.getAddresses()
// @log: ↑ JSON-RPC Account

// export const account = privateKeyToAccount(...)
// @log: ↑ Local Account
```
:::

### Account Hoisting

If you do not wish to pass an `account` to every `prepareTransactionRequest`, you can also hoist the Account on the Wallet Client (see `config.ts`).

[Learn more](/docs/clients/wallet#account).

:::code-group
```ts twoslash [example.ts]
import { walletClient } from './config'
 
const request = await walletClient.prepareTransactionRequest({
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: 1000000000000000000n
})

const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction(request) // [!code focus:2]
// 0x02f850018203118080825208808080c080a04012522854168b27e5dc3d5839bab5e6b39e1a0ffd343901ce1622e3d64b48f1a04e00902ae0502c4728cbf12156290df99c3ed7de85b1dbfe20b5c36931733a33

const hash = await walletClient.sendRawTransaction(signature)
```

```ts [config.ts (JSON-RPC Account)]
import { createWalletClient, custom } from 'viem'

// Retrieve Account from an EIP-1193 Provider.
const [account] = await window.ethereum.request({ 
  method: 'eth_requestAccounts' 
})

export const walletClient = createWalletClient({
  account,
  transport: custom(window.ethereum!)
})
```

```ts twoslash [config.ts (Local Account)] filename="config.ts"
import { createWalletClient, http } from 'viem'
import { privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts'

export const walletClient = createWalletClient({
  account: privateKeyToAccount('0x...'),
  transport: http()
})
```
:::

## Returns

[`Hex`](/docs/glossary/types#hex)

The signed serialized transaction.

## Parameters

### account

* **Type:** `Account | Address`

The Account to send the transaction from.

Accepts a [JSON-RPC Account](/docs/clients/wallet#json-rpc-accounts) or [Local Account (Private Key, etc)](/docs/clients/wallet#local-accounts-private-key-mnemonic-etc).

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account: '0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266', // [!code focus]
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: 1000000000000000000n
})
```

### to

* **Type:** `0x${string}`

The transaction recipient or contract address.

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8', // [!code focus]
  value: 1000000000000000000n,
  nonce: 69
})
```

### accessList (optional)

* **Type:** [`AccessList`](/docs/glossary/types#accesslist)

The access list.

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  accessList: [ // [!code focus:6]
    {
      address: '0x1',
      storageKeys: ['0x1'],
    },
  ],
  account,
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
})
```

### authorizationList (optional)

* **Type:** `AuthorizationList`

Signed EIP-7702 Authorization list.

```ts twoslash
import { createWalletClient, http } from 'viem'
import { privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts'
import { mainnet } from 'viem/chains'

const account = privateKeyToAccount('0x...')

export const walletClient = createWalletClient({
  chain: mainnet,
  transport: http(),
})
// ---cut---
const authorization = await walletClient.signAuthorization({ 
  account,
  contractAddress: '0xFBA3912Ca04dd458c843e2EE08967fC04f3579c2', 
}) 

const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  authorizationList: [authorization], // [!code focus]
  data: '0xdeadbeef',
  to: account.address,
})
```

:::note
**References**

* [EIP-7702 Overview](/docs/eip7702)
* [`signAuthorization` Docs](/docs/eip7702/signAuthorization)
:::

### blobs (optional)

* **Type:** `Hex[]`

Blobs for [Blob Transactions](/docs/guides/blob-transactions).

```ts
import * as cKzg from 'c-kzg'
import { toBlobs, setupKzg, stringToHex } from 'viem'
import { mainnetTrustedSetupPath } from 'viem/node'

const kzg = setupKzg(cKzg, mainnetTrustedSetupPath) 

const hash = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  blobs: toBlobs({ data: stringToHex('blobby blob!') }), // [!code focus]
  kzg,
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8'
})
```

### chain (optional)

* **Type:** [`Chain`](/docs/glossary/types#chain)
* **Default:** `walletClient.chain`

The target chain. If there is a mismatch between the wallet's current chain & the target chain, an error will be thrown.

The chain is also used to infer its request type (e.g. the Celo chain has a `gatewayFee` that you can pass through to `signTransaction`).

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
import { optimism } from 'viem/chains' // [!code focus]

const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  chain: optimism, // [!code focus]
  account,
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: 1000000000000000000n
})
```

### data (optional)

* **Type:** `0x${string}`

A contract hashed method call with encoded args.

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  data: '0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2', // [!code focus]
  account,
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: 1000000000000000000n
})
```

### gas (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

The gas limit of the transaction. If missing, it will be estimated.

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  gas: 21000n, // [!code focus]
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: parseEther('1') 
})
```

### gasPrice (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

The price (in wei) to pay per gas. Only applies to [Legacy Transactions](/docs/glossary/terms#legacy-transaction).

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  gasPrice: parseGwei('20'), // [!code focus]
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: parseEther('1') 
})
```

### kzg (optional)

* **Type:** `KZG`

KZG implementation for [Blob Transactions](/docs/guides/blob-transactions).

See [`setupKzg`](/docs/utilities/setupKzg) for more information.

```ts
import * as cKzg from 'c-kzg'
import { toBlobs, setupKzg, stringToHex } from 'viem'
import { mainnetTrustedSetupPath } from 'viem/node'

const kzg = setupKzg(cKzg, mainnetTrustedSetupPath) // [!code focus]

const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  blobs: toBlobs({ data: stringToHex('blobby blob!') }), // [!code focus]
  kzg, // [!code focus]
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8'
})
```

### maxFeePerGas (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

Total fee per gas (in wei), inclusive of `maxPriorityFeePerGas`. Only applies to [EIP-1559 Transactions](/docs/glossary/terms#eip-1559-transaction)

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  maxFeePerGas: parseGwei('20'),  // [!code focus]
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: parseEther('1')
})
```

### maxPriorityFeePerGas (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

Max priority fee per gas (in wei). Only applies to [EIP-1559 Transactions](/docs/glossary/terms#eip-1559-transaction)

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  maxFeePerGas: parseGwei('20'),
  maxPriorityFeePerGas: parseGwei('2'), // [!code focus]
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: parseEther('1')
})
```

### nonce (optional)

* **Type:** `number`

Unique number identifying this transaction.

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: 1000000000000000000n,
  nonce: 69 // [!code focus]
})
```

### value (optional)

* **Type:** `bigint`

Value in wei sent with this transaction.

```ts twoslash
// [!include ~/snippets/walletClient.ts]
// ---cut---
// @noErrors
const signature = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  account,
  to: '0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8',
  value: parseEther('1'), // [!code focus]
  nonce: 69
})
```